Abu Amsha, Haifa Thabet, and Hanna Mohammed Al-Hunaiti. “The Economic Role of Jews in the Hejaz and Its Influence on Social and Economic Transformations Before Islam”. Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 9, no. 2 (December 29, 2024): 67–99. Accessed August 31, 2026. https://www.jirs.uoh.edu.pk/index.php/JIRS/article/view/595.